¸®´ª½º ºÎÆà ½ÉÃþ ºÐ¼®
- lilo, init, runlevel -

½Å¿µÁø : ÃæºÏ´ëÇб³ °ø°ú´ëÇпø wonshin@enveng.chungbuk.ac.kr

     

     

    ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ Àü¿øÀ» ÄÑ´Â ¼ø°£ºÎÅÍ loginÈ­¸é¿¡ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¿Í Æнº¿öµå¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡ ·Î±äÇÒ ¶§ ±îÁö ¿ì¸®´Â À©µµ¿ì¿Í »ç¹µ ´Ù¸¥ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¿Í È­¸éµéÀ» ´ëÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. óÀ½ À¯´Ð½º °è¿­ÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¸¦ Á¢ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â º¹À⠹̹¦ÇÏ°í ±î´Ù·Ó°Ô¸¸ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ °¡µæÇÑ È­¸é¿¡ ºÎ´ã°¨°ú ¾à°£ÀÇ °øÆ÷¸¦ ´À³¢°Ô µÇÁÒ. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °úÁ¤Àº ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÌ°í °úÇÐÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)°úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)Àº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ºÎÆÃ(Booting)°úÁ¤À» ÀÌÇØÇϸé, ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ Á¾·á°úÁ¤µµ ÀúÀý·Î ÀÌÇØ°¡ µË´Ï´Ù.

    ºÎÆÃ(Booting)À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº bootstrapÀÇ ¾à¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº º¸Åë ½Å¹ß²öÀ» ¹­Àº »óÅÂ, Áï, Áغñ°¡ µÈ »óŸ¦ ÀÏÄ´ ¸»·Î, ½º½º·Î ÀϾ´Ù´Â Àǹ̷ΠÀÚ¼ö¼º°¡¸¦ ¸»Çϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ Çϵå¿þ¾î »óÅ·Π³õ¿©Á® ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ÀÛµ¿À» ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °¢ Çϵå¿þ¾î(ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­, ¸¶¿ì½º, Å°º¸µå, ·£Ä«µå, »ç¿îµå Ä«µå, °¢Á¾ ÁÖº¯±â±â)¸¦ ¾Ë¸Â°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î bootstrappingÀ̶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ º¹»çµÇ°í, ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î, ¸ðµç Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÁغñµÇ´Â »óÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À¯´Ð½º °è¿­ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ºÎÆÃ(Booting) °úÁ¤Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ ROMÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ°í, ±×ÈÄ rootµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ 0¹ø° µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ºÎÆ® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥(¸®´ª½ºÀÇ LILO)ÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ¿©¼­ Ä¿³Î(Kernel)À» ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ º¹»çÇÏ°í, ½ÇÇà½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. (Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁöÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÎÅÚ±â¹ÝÀÇ À¯´Ð½º¿¡¼­´Â È°¼ºÈ­µÈ rootÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ºÎÆ® ·¹ÄÚµå(Master Boot Record)¿¡ ºÎÆ® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.) ±×·¯¸é, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¦¾î±ÇÀÌ À¯´Ð½º °è¿­ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦·Î ¿Å°Ü¼­ ÀÛµ¿À» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. Áï, Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÀÛµ¿À» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ³²¾Æ¼­ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Çϵå¿þ¾î Á¦¾î¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ºÎÆÃÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)°úÁ¤À» ¾Ë¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

 

1. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ºÎÆðúÁ¤(Booting process)

    ¸ÕÀú, ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ºÎÆÃ(Booting) °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ Çغ¸±â·Î ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ [±×¸² 1]Àº ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ºÎÆÃ(Booting)°úÁ¤À» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àü¿øÀ» ÄÑ°í, Äֿܼ¡ login¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿À±â±îÁöÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 1] »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ´À³¢´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)°úÁ¤ 

    Àü¿øÀ» »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÄÑ°Ô µÇ¸é, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À½º°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ°í, ¸ÕÀú, LILO¸¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. À̶§, LILO´Â /etc/lilo.confÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» Àо Ä¿³Î(º¸ÅëÀÇ °æ¿ì vmlinuz¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í ÀÐÀº Ä¿³Î(Kernel)À» ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀûÀçÇÏ°í, ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½¿¡ Sysvinit¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿©¼­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º µ¥¸ó(¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ À¥¼­¹ö, ¸ÞÀÏ ¼­¹ö°°Àº °ÍºÎÅÍ, atd, crond°°Àº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷±îÁö Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé)ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ°í, ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦·Î¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    °¡»ó ÄܼÖÀº mingetty ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Å͹̳ÎÀ» ¿­¾îÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½, login °úÁ¤À» À§Çؼ­ /bin/login ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµË´Ï´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ½©¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ·Î±äÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¸®´ª½º°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ºÎÆÃ(Booting) ÁøÇà°úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à, ¿¢½ºÀ©µµ¿ì·Î ½ÇÇàÀ» ½ÃÅ°¼Ì´Ù¸é, xdmÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î¼­ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡¼­ ¿¢½ºÀ©µµ¿ì°¡ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î ·Î±äÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

    ÀÌÁ¦ºÎÅÍ´Â ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)°úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Á» ´õ ½±°Ô ¿ø¸®¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ¸®´ª½º¹Ú½º¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î Á÷Á¢ Àü¿ø½ºÀ§Ä¡¸¦ ´©¸£¸é¼­ ¸®´ª½º¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵˴ϴÙ.

 

2. LILO(Linux Loader)

     ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº ÀÎÅÚ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡¼­ LILO³ª LoadlinÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í °è½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº, ¹Ù·Î ¸®´ª½º ºÎÆÃ(Booting)À» ¿øÇÒ ¶§ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©³ª µð½ºÄÏÀÇ ºÎÆ® ¼½ÅÍ(µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¼½Å͸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í LILO¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯°¡Áö »çÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¸¦ ºÎÆÃ(Booting)ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¸®´ª½º ºÎÆÃ(Booting)À» Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â LoadlinÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ¾ËÆÄ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º´Â MILO, ½ºÆÅ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡¼­´Â SILO¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸, ºÎÆÃ(Booting) °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©ÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àаí Ä¿³Î(Kernel)À» ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ º¹»çÇÏ°í ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ ´Ù µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (MILO³ª SILOÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â /etc/lilo.conf¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ù¸¥ ¿ÜºÎÀûÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀ̳ª firmware·Î ÇØ°áÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)

    [±×¸² 2] LILOÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷

    LILO´Â [±×¸² 2]¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÏ´Ü ÀÛµ¿À» ½ÃÀÛÇϸé, /etc/lilo.confÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àо Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½, Ä¿³Î(Kernel)À» ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ º¹»ç¸¦ ÇÏ°í, ½ÇÇàÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º¸ÅëÀÇ °æ¿ì ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¿Í °°ÀÌ Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÇ Å©±â°¡ Ä¿Á®¼­ ¾ÐÃàÀ» ÇÏ¿©¼­ ¸¸µå¹Ç·Î, ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°±â ¾Õ¼­¼­ ¾ÐÃàÀ» Ç®°í ½ÇÇàÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    LILO boot:
    Loading linux..........
    Uncompressing Linux... OK, booting the kernel

    LILO´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î ¼³Á¤À̳ª, ºÎÆÃ(Booting)À» ¸¾´ë·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô Æнº¿öµå °°Àº °Í±îÁö /etc/lilo.conf¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ À־ ¸Å¿ì Æí¸®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§´Â Çϵåµð½ºÅ©°¡ Àб⸸ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »óÅ·ΠÀÛµ¿À» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

3. Ä¿³Î(Kernel) ½ÇÇà

    Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¸é,  [±×¸² 3]°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Á¢ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.   

    [±×¸² 3] Ä¿³Î(Kernel) ½ÇÇà ¸Þ½ÃÁö

    [±×¸² 3]Àº ÇÊÀÚ°¡ °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¥ºñ¾È ¾ËÆÄ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃ(Booting) ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡¼­ Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀº Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ »ý¸íÀ» ºÒ¾î³ÖÀº °úÁ¤°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. Ä¿³Î(Kernel)Àº ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ¸®¼Ò½º¸¦ ¹èºÐÇÏ°í, ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ °ü¸®Çϸç, ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¸é, °¢ Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ ¹× µ¿ÀÛÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ°í, °¢Á¾, ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ̳ª, Ç¥Áعæ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¡á Linux version 2.2.10 (root@enveng) (gcc version egcs-2.91.60 Debian 2.1
   (egcs-1.1.1 release)) #2 Sun Jun 30 09:55:13 KST 2019

    <-- Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÌ ¹öÀüÀÌ ¾ó¸¶°í, ¾ðÁ¦, ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾú´Â°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
    ÇÊÀÚ°¡ µ¥ºñ¾È ¾ËÆÄ2.1¸®´ª½ºÀÌ°í KST(Korean Standard Time)±âÁØÀ¸·Î 6¿ù 30Àϳ¯ Ä¿³Î(Kernel)À» 2.2.10À¸·Î egcs¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇß´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Booting on EB164 variation SX164 using machine vector SX164

    <-- ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾î´À ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö °¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¡á Command line: bootdevice=sda2 bootfile=boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2

    <-- ºÎÆÃ(Booting)µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸í°ú, ºÎÆÃ(Booting)Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.{ÀÎÅÚ ¹öÀü¿¡¼­´Â º¸¿©ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.}

¡á Console: colour VGA+ 80x25

    <-- ÄܼÖÀÌ VGA¸ðµå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, °¡·Î80 ¼¼·Î 25¿¡ ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¡á Calibrating delay loop... 528.48 BogoMIPS

    <-- ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ôµµÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸³ª BogoMIPS´Â Milion Instructions Per SecondÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î ÃÊ´ç ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ¸í·É¾î ¼ö¸¦ 100¸¸°³·Î Àâ°í, ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ¼öÄ¡°¡ ³ôÀº ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ Àϼö·Ï ³ôÀº ½ÇÇà¼Óµµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¶´Ù Á¶°Ç¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î, Àý´ëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Memory: 257112k available

    <-- »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸Þ¸ð¸®ÀÇ ¾çÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.

¡á VFS: Diskquotas version dquot_6.4.0 initialized

    <-- °¡»ó ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÃʱâÈ­¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °¡»ó ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº [±×¸² 4]¿Í °°ÀÌ

    [±×¸² 4] Virtual File System

    º»·¡ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ°£ÀÇ Áß°£¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÃ濪ÇÒÀ» ÅëÇØ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÏ¹Ç·Î½á ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ°£¿¡µµ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àаųª, ¾µ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¸®´ª½º¸¸ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÅëÇØ À©µµ¿ì95/98/NT³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¸Æ, ¼Ö¶ó¸®½º¿Í °°Àº ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¡á Alpha PCI BIOS32 revision 0.04
    PCI: Probing PCI hardware
    SMC37c669 Super I/O Controller found @ 0x3f0

    <-- PCI¹ÙÀÌ¿À½º ¹öÀü°ú ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ³ª¿À¸ç, ÀÌ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À½º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.2
    Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
    NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0 for Linux NET4.0.
    NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
    IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP

    <-- ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼ÒÄÏ°ú TCP/IPÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.

¡á Starting kswapd v 1.5

    <-- ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛÀÇ ½º¿Ò¿µ¿ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÇ ½º¿Ò¿µ¿ªÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Detected PS/2 Mouse Port.

    <-- ¸¶¿ì½ºÆ÷Æ®¸¦ ã¾Ò´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Serial driver version 4.27 with no serial options enabled
    ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
    ttyS01 at 0x02f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A

    <-- Á÷·ÄÆ÷Æ®ÀÇ °ªÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. º¸Åë, À©µµ¿ì¿¡¼­ com1, 2, 3, 4¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¡á pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured

    <-- pty¸¦ 256¸í±îÁö Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ä¿³Î(Kernel)À» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ ¶§ [Character devices]¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤À» ÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ ¼ö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. pty¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿ø°ÝÀ¸·Î Å͹̳ο¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 2.88M
    FDC 0 is a post-1991 82077

    <--Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©°¡ 2.88¸Þ°¡¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, Floppy DiskControlle¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ±â¼úÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¡á md driver 0.36.6 MAX_MD_DEV=4, MAX_REAL=8

    <-- md(Multiple Devices)´Â ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î RAID¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. RAID±â´ÉÀÌ Ä¿³Î(Kernel)¿¡ ÀûÀçµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¡á (scsi0) <Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter> found at PCI 9/0
    (scsi0) Wide Channel, SCSI ID=7, 16/255 SCBs
    (scsi0) Warning - detected auto-termination
    (scsi0) Please verify driver detected settings are correct.
    (scsi0) If not, then please properly set the device termination
    (scsi0) in the Adaptec SCSI BIOS by hitting CTRL-A when prompted
    (scsi0) during machine bootup.
    (scsi0) Cables present (Int-50 YES, Int-68 YES, Ext-68 NO)
    (scsi0) Downloading sequencer code... 413 instructions downloaded
    (scsi0):Adaptec AHA274x/284x/294x (EISA/VLB/PCI-Fast SCSI) 5.1.17/3.2.4
           <Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter>
    scsi : 1 host.
    (scsi0:0:0:0) Synchronous at 20.0 Mbyte/sec, offset 8.
      Vendor: SEAGATE   Model: ST19101W   Rev: 0014
      Type:   Direct-Access        ANSI SCSI revision: 02
    Detected scsi

     disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
    (scsi0:0:2:0) Synchronous at 10.0 Mbyte/sec, offset 15.
      Vendor: PIONEER  Model: CD-ROM DR-U12X  Rev: 1.06
      Type:   CD-ROM             ANSI SCSI revision: 02  
    Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 2, lun 0
    scsi : detected 1 SCSI cdrom 1 SCSI disk total.
    sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 12x/12x xa/form2 cdda tray
    Uniform CDROM driver Revision: 2.55
    SCSI device sda: hdwr sector= 512 bytes. Sectors= 17783240 [8683 MB] [8.7 GB]

    <-- SCSI Controller¸¦ ã°í ±× ´ÙÀ½, ½ºÄ¿Áö ¹øÈ£¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ½Ãµð·Ò, Çϵåµð½ºÅ© µîÀ» ã¾Æ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í, »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¡á ne2k-pci.c:v0.99L 2/7/98 D. Becker/P. Gortmaker     http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/ne2k-pci.html
    ne2k-pci.c: PCI NE2000 clone ¡®RealTek RTL-8029¡¯ at I/O 0x8000, IRQ 25.
    eth0: PCI NE2000 found at 0x8000, IRQ 25, 00:A0:4B:06:00:B6.
    ne2k-pci.c: PCI NE2000 clone ¡®RealTek RTL-8029¡¯ at I/O 0x8800, IRQ 27.
    eth1: PCI NE2000 found at 0x8800, IRQ 27, 00:A0:4B:06:28:2F.
    eth2: 3c509 at 0x300 tag 1, 10baseT port, address  00 60 97 ae b7 47, IRQ 11.
    3c509.c:1.16 (2.2) 2/3/98
becker@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov.
    eth2: Setting Rx mode to 1 addresses.

    <--ne2000ȣȯ pci·£Ä«µå µÎ °³¸¦ Ä¿³Î(Kernel)¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ¼­ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ ¸Þ½ÃÁö ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, 3Com509 ·£Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾Æ¼­ eth2¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¡á Partition check:
    sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 < sda5 sda6 > sda4
    VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.

    <--ÇöÀç ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ÆÄƼ¼Ç Á¤º¸°¡ Ãâ·ÂµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Áß¿¡ <sda5 sda6>ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ³í¸® ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ·çÆ® ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÌ ÀбⰡ´ÉÀ¸·Î ¸¶¿îÆ® µÇ¾úÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.

¡á Freeing unused kernel memory: 48k freed
    Adding Swap: 257000k swap-space (priority -1)

    <--ÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÇ ½º¿Ò¿µ¿ªÀ» ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© È°¼ºÈ­ ½ÃÅ°´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

±×¹ÛÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö

¡á Soundblaster audio driver Copyright (C) by Hannu Savolainen 1993-1996
    SB 4.13 detected OK (220)
    <SoundBlaster EMU8000 (RAM0k)>

    <-- »ç¿îµå Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â »ç¿îµå ¼³Á¤¿¡ °üÇؼ­ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ãâ·ÂµË´Ï´Ù.

¡á Checking 386/387 coupling... OK, FPU using exception 16 error reporting.
    Checking ¡®hlt¡¯ instruction... OK.
    Intel Pentium with F0 0F bug - workaround enabled.

    <-- ù¹ø° ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â 386¿¡¼­ º¸Á¶ ¼öÄ¡¿¬»ê ÀåÄ¡°¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ üũÇÏ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö·Î, º¸Á¶ ¼öÄ¡¿¬»ê ÀåÄ¡°¡ ³»ÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ hlt ¸í·É¾î¸¦ º¸³»¼­ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÀÏ´Ü Á¤Áö½ÃÄÑ º¸´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÏ´ÜÀº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ¸í·É¾îÀÎ hlt¸¦ º¸³»¼­ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°°í, Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¾·á°¡ µÇ´Â °¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ÆæƼ¾ö ¹ö±×¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ°í º¸¿ÏÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀûÀÎ ÀåÄ¡ÀÎ ¿öÅ©¾î¶ó¿îµå¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Ä¿³Î ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â dmesg ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã Ãâ·ÂÇØ º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ÀÏÁ¤·®ÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ShiftÅ°¿Í PageUP, DOWNÅ°¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃÖ±Ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.  

    ¡Ø Âü°í
    ºÎÆÃÇÒ ¶§ ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinitÀÇ ¸Ç ¾Æ·¡ º¸¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    Áï, dmesg¸í·É¾î·Î ºÎÆÃµÈ ÈÄÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÎÆà ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ /var/log/dmesg¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    # Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going,
    # let¡¯s dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later dmesg > /var/log/dmesg

 

4. Sysvinit ½ÇÇà

    Ä¿³Î(Kernel)ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î¼­ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦°¡ Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦¾îÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ SysvinitÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. initÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡´Â À¯´Ð½º°è¿­Ã³·³ System V°è¿­°ú BSD°è¿­ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â System V initÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    init´Â Ä¿³Î(Kernel)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ù ¹ø° ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­·Î¼­, initializeÀÇ ¾àÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ÃʱâÈ­¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ, ¾à°£ÀÇ À¯´Ð½º Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í °è½Å ºÐÀ̶ó¸é, ºÎ¸ðÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿Í ÀÚ½ÄÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¶ó´Â ¸»À» µé¾î º¸¼ÌÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À¯´Ð½ºÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î¼­ °è¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕÀÌ ¾Æ±â¸¦ ³ºµíÀÌ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ³º°í ³º°í Çϸ鼭 À̾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÅëÇؼ­ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ Á¦¾îµÇ°í, ÅëÁ¦µÇ¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °°Àº ¿ø¸®·Î »óÀ§ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϸé(À¯´Ð½º¿¡¼­´Â kill¶ó´Â ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.) ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­´Â Áװųª, ¿µÈ¥(Á»ºñ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¶ó°íµé ÇÏÁö¿ä)ó·³ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¶°µ¹¾Æ ´Ù´Ï°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿î¿µ¹æ½ÄÀº °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    »ç½Ç ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿¡¼­ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ¸»Çϸé óÀ½À¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀº Ä¿³ÎÀÇ Scheduler¶ó´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ÇÇàÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤À» Á¤ÇÏ°í, ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ø¼­, ½Ã°£, ±æÀ̸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇѸ¶µð·Î fork()¿Í exe()¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­´Â Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ÀÛµ¿À» Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ps³ª pstree¿¡¼­µµ º¼ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

¡Ø Âü°í

    fork
    »õ·Î¿î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ºÎ¸ðÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÄÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ¸¸µç °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À¯´Ð½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¹ÖÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ·Á¸é, ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ °³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Àß ¾Æ¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    exec
    »ç¿ëÇß´ø ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿Í °°Àº ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ¾ÆÀ̵ð(PID)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ »õ·Î¿î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇؼ­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ¿À¹öÇìµå¸¦ ¿Ã¸®´Â °Íº¸´Ù È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    initÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°¡ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ µÇ¸é, ±× ¾Æ·¡·Î fork¿Í exec¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ atd, crond, inted, gpm, httpd, innd, klogd, lpdµîÀÇ µ¥¸óµéÀÌ ½ÇÇàµË´Ï´Ù. init´Â Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú ½ÇÇàµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Ç×»ó ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ¾ÆÀ̵ð(PID)´Â 1ÀÌ°í, ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ shutdownµÉ ¶§¿¡µµ Á¦ÀÏ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¾·áµË´Ï´Ù.  

    ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ¾î Àִ°¡´Â [±×¸² 5]¿Í °°ÀÌ ps¿Í pstree¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¿Í ±× ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 5] initÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ À§Ä¡

    À§ÀÇ [±×¸² 5]¸¦ º¸¸é, Èï¹Ì·Î¿î °ÍµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    httpd-10*[httpd]
    À¥¼­¹ö µ¥¸óÀ» fork¿Í exec¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ 10°³¸¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    inetd-in.telnetd-login-bash--pstree
    pstree¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ­ inetdµ¥¸óÀÌ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ in.telnetdµ¥¸ó¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¿ø°ÝÀ¸·Î Á¢¼ÓÇÑ Å͹̳ο¡¼­ login¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ¿© Á¢¼ÓÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ bash½©À» ÅëÇؼ­ pstree¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    6*mingetty
    6°³ÀÇ mingetty°¡ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î¼­ °¡»ó ÄܼÖÀÌ 6°³°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÁßÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    ÀÌ ¿Ü¿¡µµ ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ»ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ lpdµ¥¸óÀ̶óµçÁö ¸¶¿ì½º »ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ gpmÀ̶óµçÁö ¼ö¸ÄÀº ½ÇÇà ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ init¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ½ÇÇàµÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö °¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Áß¿¡¼­ ¾Õ¼­ À̾߱âÇÑ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÇ Á¾¼Ó¼ºÀ» ½ÇÇèÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ inetd-in.telnetd-login-bash-pstreeÁß¿¡ loginÀ̳ª in.telnetdµ¥¸óÀ» kill¸í·É¾î(kill -9 PID)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ Á¾·á½ÃŲ´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÇÏÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ½Ä ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ bash¿Í pstree´Â init¿Í ¿¬°á°í¸®°¡ ²÷¾îÁö°Ô µÇ¾î¼­ Á¾·áµÇ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¡Ø Âü°í

    BSD°è¿­ÀÇ ºÎÆðúÁ¤¿¡¼­´Â swapper°¡ sched¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿©¼­ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¸¦ »ý¼º½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±´ÙÀ½¿¡ init°¡ ½ÃÀÛÀ» ÇÏÁö¿ä. BSD¿Í System VÀÇ ºÎÆà °úÁ¤Àº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù.
    BSD                                        System V
    swapper        - ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ 0         sched         - ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ 0
    init                - ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ 1         init             - ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ 1
    pagedaemon - ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ 2

 

5. ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Sysvinit ÀÛµ¿ °úÁ¤

    System V ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÇØ´Â Run-level¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À¯´Ð½º°è¿­ÀÎ ¸®´ª½º¹Ú½º¿¡¼­´Â Run-levelÀ̶ó´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯°¡Áö ½ÃÀÛ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¾·áµµ Run-levelÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ½ÇÇàÀÌ µÇ¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. Run-levelÀº °¢ ¹èÆ÷ÆǸ¶´Ù ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾à°£ÀÇ Áö½Ä¸¸ °¡Áø´Ù¸é, ÀÌÇØÇϱ⠽±½À´Ï´Ù. initÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇØ º¸±â·Î ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
    ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î init´Â LILO°¡ /etc/lilo.conf¸¦ ÀеíÀÌ /etc/inittab¸¦ ÀнÀ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º°¡ ¾î¶² ÀϺÎÅÍ ÇؾßÇÒÁö¸¦ »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ±â¼úÇØ ³õÀº °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§´Â ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º´Â ´ÜÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ(single user)¸ðµå·Î ºÎÆÃÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ initdefault¸¦ Àо ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ run-level¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    ·¹µåÇò ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ /etc/inittabÆÄÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çѹø »ìÆ캸±â·Î ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

    id:3:initdefault:
    <-- ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº ±âº» run-levelÀÌ 3ÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
    <-- ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Ãʱ⠽ÃÀÛ ½ºÅ©¸³Å͸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0
    l1:1:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 1
    l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 2
    l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3
    l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 4
    l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 5
    l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6
    <-- °¢ run-levle¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ³ªÅ¸³» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    ud::once:/sbin/update
    <-- ½Ã½ºÅÛ Ãæµ¹À» º¸ÁõÇÏ´Â sync ¸í·É¾îÀÇ ½ÇÇà¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ½´ÆÛºí·°µéÀ» Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î °»½ÅÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ µ¥¸óÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î bdflush¶ó°í ºÒ·ÁÁý´Ï´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â update¿Í bdflush¶ó°í ºÒ·ÁÁý´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ µ¥¸óÀº ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹«°á¼ºÀ» º¸ÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now
    <-- ctrl+alt+deleteÅ°¸¦ ´©¸£¸é shutdown ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼³Á¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ¼®Ã³¸®Çϸé Å°°¡ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

    pf::powerfail:/sbin/shutdown -f -h +2 ¡°Power Failure; System Shutting Down¡±
    <-- ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¿¡ UPS°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ Àü¿øºÒ·® ½Ã±×³ÎÀÌ ¼ö½ÅµÇ¸é ¹Ù·Î shutdown ½ÃÅ°´Â ¼³Á¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    pr:12345:powerokwait:/sbin/shutdown -c ¡°Power Restored; Shutdown Cancelled¡±
    <-- ¸¸¾à ÁöÁ¤µÈ ½Ã°£¿¡ Àü¿øÀÌ Á¤»óÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿À¸é shutdown¸í·É¸¦ Ãë¼ÒÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
    2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2
    3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3
    4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4
    5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5
    6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6
    <-- run-level´ç Ç¥ÁØÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â °¡»óÄܼÖÀÇ Á¤ÀÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 6°³¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇß±º¿ä

    x:5:respawn:/etc/X11/prefdm -nodaemon
    <-- run-levelÀÌ 5Àΰæ¿ì¿¡ xdmÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© ¿¢½ºÀ©µµ¿ì ºÎÆÃÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    id:runlevels:action:process
    º¸Åë inittabÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±â¼ú ¹æ½ÄÀº À§¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. id´Â º¸Åë ·¹À̺íÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾²°í ½ÍÀºµ¥·Î 1-4±ÛÀÚ¿Í ¼ýÀÚ·Î »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. runlevels´Â ¸» ±×´ë·Î run-levelÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀÌ ¾î´À run-level¿¡¼­ ÀÛµ¿Çϱ⠿øÇÏ´ÂÁö run-level¹øÈ£¸¦ ¾²¸é µË´Ï´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼­Ã³·³ º¹¼ö·Î, 2345¶ó°í ¾²¼Åµµ µÇ°í 3À̶ó°í Çϳª¸é ¾²¼Åµµ µË´Ï´Ù. actionÀº initÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸í·É¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù. process´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°°í ½ÍÀº ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ±â¼úÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº actionºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    actionÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    respawn : ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°¡ Á¾·áµÇ¸é Ç×»ó ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾îÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    wait : ÁöÁ¤µÈ run-level¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇàÀÌ µÇ°í, init´Â ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°¡ Á¾·áµÇ±â¸¦ ±â´Ù¸³´Ï´Ù.
    once : ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°¡ Çѹø¸¸ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    boot : ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆà ¶§¿¡ ±× ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. À̶§´Â runl-evel °ªÀÌ ¹«½ÃµË´Ï´Ù.
    bootwait : boot°ú onceÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÕÄ£ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    initdefault : ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±âº» run-levelÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    sysinit : Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú ½ÇÇàÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
    process : Çʵå´Â º¸Åë »ý·«µË´Ï´Ù.
    powerwait : Àü¿ø¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°åÀ» ¶§ ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸³´Ï´Ù.
    powerfail : À§¿Í °°À¸³ª, ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ÀÛ¾÷À» Á¾·á¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
    ctrlaltdel : ctrl, alt, delÅ°¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´©¸£¸é ÀÛµ¿ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    kbrequest : Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ Å°¸¦ ÀÔ·Â ¹ÞÀ» ¶§ ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    ¡Ø Âü°í
    ¾ÆÁ÷ ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Á¤½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Âµ¥µµÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©¸¦ ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¿ä? ÀÌ ÀÌÀ¯´Â óÀ½¿¡ Ä¿³Îµµ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ºÎÅÍ, ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©¸¦ Àб⠸ðµå·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© (read-only) ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏ¿© Àб⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    init°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ½ÃÁ¡Àº Ä¿³ÎÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î ã±â¿Í ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ³¡³­ ½ÃÁ¡ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ·¹µåÇò 6.0±âÁØÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¹èÆ÷Æǵ鿡¼­ ¾à°£ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    INIT : version 2.74 booting           -----------------1
    Loading default keymap   [OK]     -----------------2
    Setting default font          [OK]
    Activating swap partitions [OK]     -----------------3
    Setting hostname enveng.chungbuk.ac.kr   [OK]   ------4
    Checking root filesystem              -----------------5
    /dev/hda1 : clean, 84695/514000 files, 1517933/2048001 blocks
    Mounting local filesystems            -----------------6
    Turning on user and group quotas for local filesystems                  
    Setting clock : Wed Jun 21 20:52:32 KST 1999    -------7
    Enabling swap space            ----------------8
    INIT : Entering run-level : 3      ----------------9

    1¹øÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â INIT°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǹ鼭 2.74¹öÀüÀÇ SYSVINITÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
    /etc/inittabÀÇ ¾Æ·¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Àо /etc/rc.d/rc.sysint ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    # System initialization.
    si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

    2¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Å°º¸µå¿Í ÆùÆ®°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.
     /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ÆÄÀÏÀÇ  ¾Æ·¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Àо ½ÇÇàÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.
    # Load keymap (kbd¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ Å°º¸µå ¼³Á¤)
     if [ -n ¡°$KEYTABLE¡± -a -d ¡°/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps¡± ]; then
     echo -n ¡°Loading default keymap¡±
     success ¡°Loading default keymap¡± || failure ¡°Loading default keymap¡±
    # Load system font(setsysfont¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ±âº» ÆùÆ® ¼³Á¤)
    if [ -x /sbin/setsysfont ]; then
    action ¡°Setting default font¡± /sbin/setsysfont

    3¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©ÀÇ ½º¿ÒÆÄƼ¼ÇÀÌ »ç¿ë°¡´É Çϵµ·Ï È°¼ºÈ­ ½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù.
    /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¾Æ·¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Àо ½ÇÇàÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.
    # Start up swapping.
    action ¡°Activating swap partitions¡± swapon -a

    4¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â /etc/sysconfig/networkÆÄÀÏÀ» Àо hostnameÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
    # Read in config data.
    if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network else
        NETWORKING=no
        HOSTNAME=localhost
    fi
    # Set the hostname.
    action ¡°Setting hostname ${HOSTNAME}¡± hostname ${HOSTNAME}

    5¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ°í, ¸¶¿îÆ®¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    # Check filesystems
    if [ ! -f /fastboot ]; then
            STRING=¡±Checking filesystems¡±
            echo $STRING
            initlog -c ¡°fsck  -T -R -A -a $fsckoptions¡±
            rc=$?
            if [ ¡°$rc¡± = ¡°0¡± ]; then
                    success ¡°$STRING¡±
                    echo
            elif [ ¡°$rc¡± = ¡°1¡± ]; then
                    passed ¡°$STRING¡±
    echo
    fi

    # A return of 2 or higher means there were serious problems.
    if [ $rc -gt 1 ]; then
                    failure ¡°$STRING¡±
                    echo
                    echo
                    echo ¡°*** An error occurred during the file system check.¡±
                    echo ¡°*** Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot¡±
                    echo ¡°*** when you leave the shell.¡±

    PS1=¡±(Repair filesystem) \#¡±; export PS1
                    sulogin
                    echo ¡°Unmounting file systems¡±
                    umount -a
                    mount -n -o remount,ro /
                    echo ¡°Automatic reboot in progress.¡±
                    reboot
    elif [ ¡°$rc¡± = ¡°1¡± -a -x /sbin/quotacheck ]; then
    action ¡°Checking filesystem quotas¡± /sbin/quotacheck -v -R -a
    fi
    fi

    6¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ¸¶¿îÆ®¸¦ ÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ ÄõÅ͸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    # Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already
    # mounted). Contrary to standard usage,
    # filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.
    action ¡°Mounting local filesystems¡± mount -a -t nonfs,smbfs,ncpfs,proc

    if [ -x /sbin/quotaon ]; then
    action ¡°Turning on user and group quotas for local filesystems¡± /sbin/quotao  n -a
    fi

    7¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ½Ã°£ ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    # Set the system clock.
    ARC=0
    UTC=0
    if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/clock ]; then  . /etc/sysconfig/clock

     # convert old style clock config to new values
     if [ ¡°${CLOCKMODE}¡± = ¡°GMT¡± ]; then
     UTC=true
     elif [ ¡°${CLOCKMODE}¡± = ¡°ARC¡± ]; then
     ARC=true
     fi
     fi

    CLOCKDEF=¡±¡±
    if [ -x /sbin/hwclock ]; then
        CLOCKFLAGS=¡±--hctosys¡±
        CLOCK=/sbin/hwclock
        $CLOCK --adjust
    else
        CLOCKFLAGS=¡±-a¡±
        CLOCK=/sbin/clock
    fi

    case ¡°$UTC¡± in
      yes|true)
        CLOCKFLAGS=¡±$CLOCKFLAGS -u¡±;
        CLOCKDEF=¡±$CLOCKDEF (utc)¡±;
      ;;
    esac
    if [ ¡°$CLOCK¡± = ¡°/sbin/clock¡± ]; then
     case ¡°$ARC¡± in
       yes|true)
         CLOCKFLAGS=¡±$CLOCKFLAGS -A¡±;
         CLOCKDEF=¡±$CLOCKDEF (arc)¡±;
       ;;
     esac
    fi
    $CLOCK $CLOCKFLAGS
    action ¡°Setting clock $CLOCKDEF: `date`¡± date

    8¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ½º¿Ò °ø°£À» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
    # Right, now turn on swap in case we swap to files.
    swapon -a >/dev/null 2>&1
    action ¡°Enabling swap space¡± /bin/true
    9¹ø ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â /etc/inittabÀÇ id:3:initdefaultÀÇ ºÎºÐÀ» ÀÐ°í ³ª¼­ run-level 3·Î ºÎÆÃÀ» ½ÃÅ°´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 6] initÀÇ ºÎÆðúÁ¤

    ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ Áß ·¹µåÇò/Ä®µ¥¶ó, µ¥ºñ¾È, S.u.S.E´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ INIT±¸Á¶·Î ¿«¾îÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸¸µé´Ù º¸´Ï °°Àº ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú °°Àº ¸®´ª½º¸¦ ¸¸µé¾îµµ ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ INIT±¸Á¶¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿¹æ½ÄÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 7] ¹èÆ÷ÆÇÀÇ INITÆÄÀÏ ±¸Á¶

    ·¹µåÇò/Ä®µ¥¶ó ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â run-levelÀÌ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.
    Run-level 0 - halt   (½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¾·á¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 1 - single user   (³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 2 - multi-user without NFS   (NFS¿Í ´Ù¼öÀÇ µ¥¸óÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ ¾ÈµË´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 3 - muti-user with NFS   (°¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿ ¸ðµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 4 - not used   (»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á¤ÀÇÇؼ­ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 5 - X11   (xdmÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ¿¢½ºÀ©µµ¿ì·Î ºÎÆÃ)
    Run-level 6 - reboot   (¸®ºÎÆøðµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)

    µ¥ºñ¾È ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â run-levelÀÌ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.
    Run-level 0 - halt   (½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¾·á¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 1 - single user   (³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 2, 3, 4, 5 - muti-user (º¸ÅëÀº 2·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸ðµÎ ´Ù »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇ·Î ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 6 - reboot   (¸®ºÎÆøðµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)

    S.u.S.E ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­´Â run-levelÀÌ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.
    Run-level 0 - halt   (½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á¾·á¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 1 - single user   (³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 2 - multi-user without network    (³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¾øÀÌ ´ÙÁß »ç¿ë¸ðµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 3 - muti-user with network   (°¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿ ¸ðµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 4 - not used   (»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á¤ÀÇÇؼ­ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.)
    Run-level 5 - muti-user with network and xdm   (xdmÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ ¿¢½ºÀ©µµ¿ì·Î ºÎÆÃ)
    Run-level 6 - reboot   (¸®ºÎÆøðµåÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)

    À¯´Ð½º¿¡¼­´Â ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥(µ¥¸ó)À» ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µéÀ» ÇÑ °÷¿¡ ¸ð¿©µÎ°í run-level¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ rc0.d, rc1.d, rc2.d, rc3.d, rc4.d, rc5.d, rc6.d¿¡ ¸µÅ©¸¦ ÇØ ³õ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§, ¾ÆÁÖ °£´ÜÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ Çϳª ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.  S·Î ¸µÅ©¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½ÃÀÛÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, K·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ¸µÅ©ÇØ ³ôÀº °ÍÀº Á¾·á¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¸µÅ©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À§ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¹ýÄ¢Àº ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ Á¦¾îµË´Ï´Ù.
    ·¹µåÇò/Ä®µ¥¶ó¿¡¼­´Â /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀº /etc/init.d/rc¿Í /etc/init.d/rcS¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. S.u.S.E¿¡¼­´Â /etc/rc.d/rc¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (¸¸¾à¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚµ¿À» ¹Ù²Ù°í ½Í´Ù¸é....)

    ¡Ø Âü°í
    S¿Í K¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í Çؼ­ ½ÇÇà°ú Á¾·á¸¦ °áÁ¤Áþ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç µ¥¸óÀÇ ½ÇÇà ½ºÅ©¸³ÅÍ¿¡´Â start¿Í stopÀÇ ÆĶó¹ÌÅÍ°¡ ¾Æ·¡Ã³·³ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ S·Î ¸µÅ© µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, [scripts name] startÆĶó¹ÌÅ͸¦ K·Î ¸µÅ© µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é, [scripts name] stopÆĶó¹ÌÅ͸¦ ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    #See how we were called.
    case ¡°$1¡± in
      start)
            echo -n ¡°Starting httpd: ¡°
            daemon httpd
            echo
            touch /var/lock/subsys/httpd
            ;;
      stop)
            echo -n ¡°Shutting down http: ¡°
            killproc httpd
            echo
            rm -f /var/lock/subsys/httpd
            rm -f /var/run/httpd.pid
            ;;

    [±×¸² 8]Àº ¿øº» ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®µéÀº /etc/rc.d/init.d¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸ鼭 run-level 3¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹Á¦¿¡´Â À¥µ¥¸ó httpd°¡ run-level 3¿¡ S: 85:httpd ½ÃÀÛ:85¹ø°·Î: httpdµ¥¸óÀ̸§ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ© µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, run-level  0¿¡ 15¹ø°·Î ¸µÅ©µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ºÎÆÃÀ» Çϸ鼭 run-level 3·Î ºÎÆÃÀ» Çϸé, À¥µ¥¸ó httpd´Â 85¹ø°·Î ½ÇÇàÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´Ù½Ã ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½º¸¦ Á¾·á½ÃÅ°¸é run-level 0À̹ǷΠ15¹ø°·Î À¥µ¥¸ó httpd°¡ Á¾·á¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 8] run-level¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ¸µÅ©Çϱâ(·¹µåÇò ¸®´ª½º ±âÁØ)

    ¡Ø Âü°í
    Á¾Á¾ ·¹µåÇò ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ issue¸Þ½ÃÁö ¶§¹®¿¡ /etc/rc.d/rc.localÆÄÀÏÀ» vi¿¡µðÅÍ·Î ¿­°í ÀÏÀÏÈ÷ ÁÖ¼®À» ´Þ¾Æ Áֽô ºÐµéÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ºÃ½À´Ï´Ù. /etc/rc.d/rc.localÆÄÀÏÀº ·¹µåÇò ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99local, /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99local, /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99local¿¡ °¢°¢ ¸µÅ©°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸µÅ©¸¦ Áö¿ì½Ã¸é ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.

    Red Hat Linux release 6.0 (Hedwig)
    Kernel 2.2.5-22 on an i686

    ·¹µåÇò¿¡¼­´Â /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit¿¡¼­ ºÎÆÃµÉ ¶§ ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ¸ð¾ÆÁ® ÀÖÁö¸¸, S.u.S.E´Â /etc/rc.d/boot¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀº Á¶±Ý º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ±¸¼ºÀÌ µÇ¾îÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. /etc/init.d/rcS½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÀÛµ¿À» ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¸é, /etc/rcS.dÀÇ ¸µÅ©µÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 9] ·¹µåÇò/Ä®µ¥¶óÀÇ ºÎÆðúÁ¤

    [±×¸² 10] µ¥ºñ¾ÈÀÇ ºÎÆðúÁ¤

    [±×¸²11] S.u.S.EÀÇ ºÎÆðúÁ¤

    ¡Ø Âü°í
    ¸®´ª½º ·¹µåÇò 6.0À» Á¢ÇÏ°ÔµÈ »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀº µ¥¸óÀÌ ¶ã ¶§ [OK]¶ó´Â Ä÷¯Ç®ÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸°Ô µÇ°í ¸Å¿ì ÀλóÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ´Â ºÐµéÀÌ ¸¹À» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.  
    ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ /etc/sysconfig/init¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ½ÇÇàÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸Þ½ÃÁö·Î ¹Ù²Ù½Ã°í ½ÍÀ¸½Å ºÐµéÀº ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ¹Ù²Ù¾î º¸½Ã´Â °Íµµ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

    S.u.S.E¿¡¼­´Â doneÀ̶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Ä÷¯Ç®ÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö·Î ¿ª½Ã º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¼³Á¤Àº /etc/rc.config¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
    ÀÌÁ¦ À̾߱⸦ Á¤¸®ÇØ º¸¸é¼­ ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃÀº ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ [±×¸² 12]°ú °°Àº °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ¡°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

    [±×¸² 12] ¸®´ª½º ¹Ú½ºÀÇ ºÎÆÃ

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